Home Zdravlje Prevencija dijabetesa u BiH – kompletan vodič sa savjetima stručnjaka

Prevencija dijabetesa u BiH – kompletan vodič sa savjetima stručnjaka

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Mirnes Mustafic
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Prevencija dijabetesa u BiH – kompletan vodič sa savjetima stručnjaka
Prevencija dijabetesa u BiH – kompletan vodič sa savjetima stručnjaka

Uvod

Dijabetes tipa 2 postao je jedno od najvećih zdravstvenih izazova u Bosni i Hercegovini. Stručnjaci upozoravaju da broj oboljelih raste iz godine u godinu, dok su faktori rizika povezani s načinom života, prehranom i fizičkom aktivnošću sve prisutniji. Prevencija dijabetesa nije samo individualna odgovornost, već i javnozdravstveni prioritet.

 

Prevencija dijabetesa u BiH – kompletan vodič sa savjetima stručnjaka
Prevencija dijabetesa u BiH – kompletan vodič sa savjetima stručnjaka

U ovom vodiču donosimo pregled ključnih mjera prevencije, uz praktične savjete koje preporučuju endokrinolozi, nutricionisti i ljekari porodične medicine.

Zašto je prevencija važna?

Prema podacima međunarodnih zdravstvenih organizacija, svaki deseti odrasli u svijetu živi s dijabetesom. U BiH se procjenjuje da preko 12% odraslog stanovništva ima dijabetes, dok je kod još većeg broja prisutna predijabetes faza – stanje povećanog rizika.

Prevencijom se može značajno smanjiti mogućnost razvoja bolesti, kao i komplikacija poput kardiovaskularnih oboljenja, oštećenja bubrega, vida i živaca.

Najvažniji faktori rizika

  • Prekomjerna tjelesna težina – naročito masnoće u predjelu stomaka.
  • Fizička neaktivnost – sjedeći način života povećava rizik.
  • Nezdrava prehrana – previše prerađene hrane, šećera i nezdravih masti.
  • Genetika – porodična anamneza povećava vjerovatnoću obolijevanja.
  • Starija dob – rizik raste nakon 40. godine.

Preporuke stručnjaka za prevenciju

1. Zdrava prehrana kao temelj

Nutricionisti naglašavaju važnost mediteranskog tipa ishrane:

  • Svakodnevna konzumacija povrća i voća.
  • Integralne žitarice umjesto bijelog hljeba.
  • Riba i bijelo meso u umjerenim količinama.
  • Maslinovo ulje i orašasti plodovi kao zdravi izvori masti.
  • Izbjegavanje gaziranih pića i prekomjernog unosa šećera.

2. Redovna fizička aktivnost

Preporučuje se najmanje 150 minuta umjerene aktivnosti sedmično, što može uključivati brzo hodanje, vožnju bicikla ili plivanje. Važno je birati aktivnosti koje osoba može dugoročno održavati.

3. Kontrola tjelesne težine

Smanjenje težine od samo 5–10% kod osoba s viškom kilograma može značajno smanjiti rizik od razvoja dijabetesa tipa 2.

4. Redovni ljekarski pregledi

Pregledi glukoze u krvi i krvnog pritiska omogućavaju rano otkrivanje promjena. Ljekari porodične medicine savjetuju rutinsku kontrolu najmanje jednom godišnje, posebno kod osoba starijih od 35 godina.

5. Smanjenje stresa

Hronični stres povećava nivo kortizola, što može dovesti do povišenog šećera u krvi. Tehnike poput joge, meditacije ili šetnji u prirodi dokazano doprinose boljoj regulaciji stresa.

Uloga zajednice i države

Prevencija dijabetesa u BiH ne može se svesti samo na pojedinca. Potrebne su javne kampanje, edukacija u školama, programi podrške zdravim navikama i bolji sistem preventivne medicine.

Organizacije pacijenata i zdravstvene institucije naglašavaju važnost dostupnih edukativnih materijala, radionica i besplatnih pregleda, posebno u ruralnim područjima gdje je zdravstvena zaštita manje dostupna.

Savjeti stručnjaka iz prakse

“Najvažnije je da ljudi shvate da male promjene prave veliku razliku. Umjesto liftom, idite stepenicama, uvedite 30 minuta šetnje dnevno i smanjite unos šećera. To su mali, ali moćni koraci ka prevenciji” – ističe endokrinolog s Kliničkog centra u Tuzli.

Završne riječi

Prevencija dijabetesa je ulaganje u vlastito zdravlje. Kombinacija zdrave prehrane, redovne fizičke aktivnosti, kontrole tjelesne težine i redovnih pregleda ključ je dugoročnog zdravlja. Bosna i Hercegovina ima veliki izazov pred sobom, ali i ogroman potencijal ako se stanovništvo edukuje i ako se sistem prilagodi pravovremenoj prevenciji.

Svako od nas može napraviti prvi korak već danas – birajući zdraviji obrok ili izlazak u šetnju.

Pročitajte i: Širokolisna trputica (Plantago major) – zdravstvene koristi i primjena

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